Economic Assessment and Pathogenic Bacteria Inhibition of Bovine Hide Presoaking Formulated with Enzymes that can Remove Adobe-type Manure

Abstract

Bovine hide presoaking solutions formulated with crude glycerol and only a quarter of the amount of biocide (such as Proxel-GXL) and surfactant (such as Boron-TS or Busan1009) that the industry is commonly using, have recently been developed and are effective in removing adobe type manure attached to the cattle hide. The goal of this research project was to investigate potential effects of incorporating enzymes that can attack the adobe type manure and could break down adhesion to hide and enhance its removal. If an optimal amount of cellulase or xylanase used individually or in a combination of both was included, lowering the concentration of crude glycerol from 10% to 5% is feasible. From conclusive results, the combination of cellulase and xylanase worked synergistically because a lower concentration of each than when used individually also has demonstrated improvement in manure softening efficiency. The texture analysis of soaked hardened manure showed that the enzymes were quite promising in softening which can be translated to loosening and eventually the enhancement of hardened manure removal. Chlorine dioxide also was incorporated in the formulation and was associated with a reduction in manure odor. The inclusion of sodium hydroxide in the formulation had also enhanced the microbial growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria that were tested. The cost of implementing the new formulations is similar to those traditionally used by the industry. In addition, the new soaking solutions have a more favorable impact on the environment.