Effects of Foot Placement on Activation of Hip Muscles During a Barbell Squat

Abstract

By Kelsey Jones, Health Sciences; Fadhil Hussain, Health Sciences; Shannon Bockey, Health Sciences; Maddie Miller, University of Cincinnati; Noah Gray, University of Cincinnati; Lydia Sanders, University of Cincinnati

Advisor: Rachel Gleason

Abstract: Previous studies have been completed that primarily focus on other aspects of a squat, such as activation of trunk stabilizers, activation during different squats, and activation of lower limb muscles due to variations in foot placement and squat depth. While studies have addressed muscle activation and foot placement, it is a common interest for college students to learn proper technique in order to activate certain groups of muscles. Activation of trunk muscles, along with hip activation, is essential in performing a safe squat and avoiding injury. This project will delve into the best foot placement and the most efficient squat in order to activate and target the glute and hip muscles.The aim of the project is to determine if variations in foot placement have an effect on gluteal and quadricep muscle activation during a barbell back squat. The target population includes all genders and ethnic groups 18 years of age and older. Participants must be free from musculoskeletal injury and have no medical condition that restricts exercise/lifting. Participants will perform three sets of 6 reps, with 50% bodyweight loaded on the bar. Each set will be performed with a 2 inch wider foot placement than the last. Surface EMG data will be collected from the rectus femoris and gluteus medius muscles throughout the session. We are anticipating that the wider foot placement will produce more gluteal muscle activation. A correct squat form requires one to abduct or push the thighs outwards resulting in more gluteal versus quadricep activation.