Handwriting Ergonomics

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a conceptual framework for the handwriting system, consisting of three elements: the hand, the writing instrument, and paper. Within this system the hand control mechanism, the writing instrument design, and their integration in the dynamic writing on the paper are discussed relative to efficient, legible, motivated as well as fatigue-reducing handwriting performance. Based on this system framework, an overview of relevant studies and a proposal for needed areas of research are presented. Designs of the writing instruments (in terms of penpoints, shanks, and other physical characteristics), the reduction of writing fatigue, and comparisons of various instruments are analyzed.