Type designer. Trained as a punchcutter. In a long association with the Linotype companies he designed types that exploited the advantages (and tackled the problems) of photo and digital type-setting technologies. A co-founder of Bitstream Inc., a digital type foundry in Cambridge, MA, where he has specialized in the development of type fonts for use on low-resolution computer screens and printers. Chairman of ATypl's committee of type designers and typographers.