In Closing…What have we learned from failure?

Abstract

In closing, the guest editors of this Visible Language special series reflect on the failures identified in the various papers and interpret what this suggests for design education and research in the context of changing practice. The failures cited in this series point out the fractures in our understanding and practices from user-centered, digital, process-oriented, cultural, ethical and even safety-oriented perspectives. Three common themes are explored as context: theory, ethics and process. The need to update design education and identify research needs are discussed based on what the papers in this series suggest.